| Introduction to Forex |
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In a typical foreign exchange transaction a party purchases a quantity of one currency by paying a quantity of another currency. The modern foreign exchange market started forming during the 1970s when countries gradually switched to floating exchange rates from the previous exchange rate regime, which remained fixed as per the Bretton Woods system. Some of the participants in this market are simply seeking to exchange a foreign currency for their own, like multinational corporations which must pay wages and other expenses in different nations than they sell products in. However, a large part of the market is made up of currency traders, who speculate on movements in exchange rates, much like others would speculate on movements of stock prices. Currency traders try to take advantage of even small fluctuations in exchange rates. In the foreign exchange market there is little or no 'inside information'. Exchange rate fluctuations are usually caused by actual monetary flows as well as anticipations on global macroeconomic conditions. Significant news is released publicly so, at least in theory, everyone in the world receives the same news at the same time. Unlike stocks and futures exchange, foreign exchange is indeed an interbank, over-the-counter (OTC) market which means there is no single universal exchange for specific currency pair. The foreign exchange market operates 24 hours per day throughout the week between individuals with forex brokers, brokers with banks, and banks with banks. If the European session is ended the Asian session or US session will start, so all world currencies can be continually in trade. Traders can react to news when it breaks, rather than waiting for the market to open, as is the case with most other markets. The foreign exchange market is unique because of: High level of liquidity There are always participants willing to buy or sell currencies in the Forex markets. Its liquidity, particularly in major currencies, helps ensure price stability and market efficiency. Traders can almost always open or close a position at a fair market price. With almost 90% of all the currency transactions consisting of 7 major currency pairs, helps these currencies display price stability, smooth trends, narrow spreads and high levels of liquidity. This liquidity mainly comes from the banks which offer cash flow to companies, investors and market players. While it is true that currency markets have superior liquidity, it is also a fact that there are periods when liquidity dries up. This can happen during very volatile times or periods of market uncertainty. 24 hours trading, globalization The market is open 24 hours a day from 5pm EST on Sunday until 4pm EST Friday. The reason that the markets are open 24 hours a day is that currencies are in high demand. The international scope of currency trading means that there are always traders somewhere who are making and meeting demands for a particular currency. The ability of the forex to trade over a 24-hour period is due in part to different time zones and the fact it is comprised of a network of computers, rather than any one physical exchange that closes at a particular time. When you hear that the U.S. dollar closed at a certain rate, it simply means that that was the rate at market close in New York. But it continues to be traded around the world long after New York's close, unlike securities. The forex market can be split into three main regions: Australasia, Europe and North America. Within each of these main areas there are several major financial centers. For example, Europe is comprised of major centers like London, Paris, Frankfurt and Zurich. Banks, institutions and dealers all conduct forex trading for themselves and their clients in each of these markets. No commission With “free of commission” trading, Forex trade lets you keep 100% of your trading profits. This makes Forex trading even more attractive as a business opportunity, especially for those who want to deal on a regular basis. You have not to pay any commissions or exchange fees to make a trade. You are trading directly with a market maker and not a broker, third party institution, or exchange. Therefore, the normal middleman costs associated with trading stocks or futures are entirely eliminated. Brokers are compensated through the Bid/Ask spread, the difference between the price at which currencies are bought and the price at which they are sold. Steady trading prospects The market is constantly moving and since Forex trading involves buying and selling of currencies, so traders can easily operate in a rising or falling market. This is because, there are always trading prospects, whether a currency is rising or deteriorating in relation to another currency. So there is always profit potential in the Forex market, whether it’s a rising one or a falling one. Along with these major advantages, the Forex market also has some other merits such as, Forex trading gives its traders, an opportunity to bigger profits as returns on their invested money. Also, since the market is open 24 hours a day, 5.5 days a week, it gives the investors can make their deals anytime they want to. With such superior speed of the market, and fine liquidity, even the largest of transactions are conducted within a few seconds.
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